The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for Chemical Labeling
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) provides a standardized approach to communicating chemical hazards worldwide. OSHA adopted GHS through the 2012 Hazard Communication Standard revision.
Why GHS Matters
Before GHS, different countries used different systems to classify and label chemicals. This created confusion for:
Manufacturers shipping products internationallyEmployers trying to understand foreign chemical labelsWorkers exposed to chemicals with inconsistent hazard informationGHS provides a universal language for chemical hazard communication.
Required Label Elements
All GHS-compliant labels must include six elements:
1. Product Identifier
The chemical name or product identifier must appear on both the label and Safety Data Sheet (SDS). This allows users to cross-reference information.
2. Signal Word
One of two words indicating hazard severity:
DANGER: - More severe hazardsWARNING: - Less severe hazardsOnly one signal word appears on a label, determined by the most severe hazard.
3. Pictograms
Nine standardized symbols communicate hazard categories:
Flame: - Flammable, self-reactive, organic peroxidesFlame over circle: - OxidizersExploding bomb: - Explosives, self-reactivesCorrosion: - Corrosive to skin, eyes, or metalsGas cylinder: - Compressed gasesSkull and crossbones: - Acute toxicity (severe)Exclamation mark: - Irritant, narcotic effects, acute toxicityHealth hazard: - Carcinogen, respiratory sensitizer, organ toxicityEnvironment: - Aquatic toxicity (not required by OSHA)4. Hazard Statements
Standardized phrases describing the nature of the hazard:
H-codes: identify specific hazards (e.g., H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor)Multiple hazard statements may appear for chemicals with several hazards5. Precautionary Statements
Standardized phrases describing measures to minimize exposure or respond to emergencies:
Prevention: - How to handle safelyResponse: - What to do if exposed or spilledStorage: - Proper storage conditionsDisposal: - Proper disposal methods6. Supplier Identification
Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor.
Workplace Container Labels
Employers have flexibility with workplace container labels as long as they:
Identify the chemicalCommunicate hazardsWork with employee trainingAcceptable alternatives include:
Copy of manufacturer labelLabel with product identifier and words, pictures, or symbols that provide hazard informationLabel with product identifier and reference to SDS locationSafety Data Sheet Requirements
GHS also standardized the 16-section format for Safety Data Sheets:
IdentificationHazard(s) identificationComposition/ingredientsFirst-aid measuresFire-fighting measuresAccidental release measuresHandling and storageExposure controls/personal protectionPhysical and chemical propertiesStability and reactivityToxicological informationEcological informationDisposal considerationsTransport informationRegulatory informationOther informationCommon Compliance Issues
Frequently cited violations:
Missing or illegible labels on secondary containersOutdated labels that don't meet GHS formatSDS not readily accessible to employeesIncomplete hazard information on labelsLack of employee training on new label elementsTraining Requirements
Employees must be trained on:
GHS label elements and what they meanHow to access and use Safety Data SheetsHazards of chemicals in their work areaProtective measures for safe handlingTraining must be completed before initial assignment and when new hazards are introduced.
Implementation Steps
To ensure GHS compliance:
**Audit current labels** - Identify non-compliant containers**Update labels** - Replace with GHS-compliant versions**Review SDS library** - Ensure all SDS are current 16-section format**Train employees** - Cover all required GHS elements**Update written program** - Revise hazard communication program for GHSCritical Dynamics offers comprehensive hazard communication compliance audits and training programs. Contact us to ensure your facility meets all GHS requirements.